The Gates of Ijtihad THE GATES OF IJTIHAD Intellectual Freedom a 
.... As a formal proposition the closing of the gates of ijtihad was only fully set forth in around the eighth Islamic century (
Hodgson,
1974, v.
2, p. 406). ....
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Golden Age of Islamic Civilization
.... New York: Praeger.
Hodgson, MGS (
1974). The Venture of Islam. Vol.
2. The Expansion of Islam in the Middle Period. Chicago: University of Chicago. ....
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Human Rights Abuses CHAPTER V
....
2: Allowing states to establish their own definitions of human rights .... a "community law" administered independently of the State (
Hodgson 1974: 345ff) In recent ....
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Sufism 1100-1700
....
Hodgson, Marshall GS The Venture of Islam Volumes 1 and
2. Chicago: U of Chicago Press,
1974. Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. ....
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Rural-urban conflicts on Western Asia (1100-1700)
.... New York: Knopf, 1979.
Hodgson, Marshall GS The Venture of Islam Volume
2. Chicago: U of Chicago Press,
1974. Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. ....
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Islam
....
2) Islamic peoples were attracted to ideas across many fields ....
Hodgson, MGS The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a .... Chicago, ILL: UP of Chicago,
1974.
(1514
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Islamic Penology CHAPTER III
....
2. These punishments are inflicted to serve as an example to .... authority over long established communities totalling millions of non Muslims (
Hodgson 1974). ....
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RISE OF ISLAM
.... militarily and financially by their endless wars; (
2) the bravery and ....
Hodgson, Marshall G. The Venture of Islam Volume 1. Chicago: U of Chicago P,
1974. ....
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Disparate Impact and the Civil Rights Act of 1991
.... (701(o)(
2) lists the types of .... 1988). Griggs v. Duke Power Co. 401 US 424 (1971).
Hodgson v. Greyhound Lines, Inc., 499 F.2d 859 (7th Cir.
1974), cert. ....
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Cold War Culture
.... and culture with faint praise; U-
2 spy plane .... to emphasize the American commitment to NATO" (
Hodgson, 1997, p .... into the covertly funded CCF" (Weissman,
1974, pp. ....
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