Islam in History 
.... In addition, the approach taken by
Lewis shows that
Islam did not exist in a vacuum and that instead it constantly interacted with both the Christian and ....
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Judaism and Islam
.... from pagans. Their faiths were seen as "earlier, incomplete and imperfect forms of
Islam itself" (
Lewis 20). The political division ....
(1830
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Islam
....
Lewis, Bernard (ed.).
Islam: From the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Palmer, RR, and Joel Colton. ....
(1036
4
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ISLAM AND HUMAN RIGHTS This research paper disc
.... Lapidus, Ira M. A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1988.
Lewis, Bernard.
Islam and the West. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. Maalouf, Amin. ....
(3038
12
)
Islam and Human Rights
.... faith (
Lewis, 1974). According to Bernard
Lewis (1995), both this tolerance and intolerance are built into
Islam. Thus, tolerance is ....
(2564
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)
The Dhimmi, Two Views "Dhimmi" is a term applie
This paper compares and contrasts two books on the subject of the dhimmi--The Jews of
Islam by Bernard
Lewis and The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians under
Islam by ....
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Why European Power Increased While Islamic Power Decreased
.... In addition,
Islam was represented in the West by the Ottoman Empire, a .... unity contrasted with the feuding political patchwork of Western Europe (
Lewis 838-9 ....
(1251
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US Economy. Industrial Revolution. Islamic Fundamentalism
.... religion is an integral part of everyday life and government, and
Islam was used as a unifying theme to bring otherwise disparate peoples together (
Lewis, 1990 ....
(1537
6
)
Human Rights in Islamic Nations
.... Lapidus, Ira M. A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1988.
Lewis, Bernard.
Islam and the West. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. Maalouf, Amin. ....
(3038
12
)
Islamic States In the 12th, 13th & 14th Centuries
.... portions of the Empire after 1240 and the Ottoman Turks after 1280 all sooner or later embraced
Islam as the state religion. According to
Lewis, the initial ....
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7
)
Islamic Conception of Human Rights
.... faith (
Lewis, 1974). According to Bernard
Lewis (1995), both this tolerance and intolerance are built into
Islam. Thus, tolerance is ....
(2565
10
)
Development of Islam as a Major Force
.... New York: Time Warner, 1991. Iqbal, Afzal. The Culture of
Islam. Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture, 1981.
Lewis, Bernard. The Arabs in History. ....
(2765
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)
The Biography of Malcolm X
....
Lewis Lord and Jennye Thornton (83) state that unlike King, Malcolm X was not .... during his lifetime other than the members and supporters of Nation of
Islam. ....
(1067
4
)
Britain, Diplomacy and Money
.... Muslim Brotherhood (al Ikhwan al Muslimun), Iran's Devotees of
Islam (Fida`iyan i
Islam), and other local nationalists clamored for attention. (
Lewis 115 17 ....
(3321
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)
The Yemenite Jews
.... the Jews retain their religious autonomy as long as they would adhere to their laws with the same vigor that the Muslims practiced
Islam. As
Lewis points out ....
(2587
10
)
Origins of the Islamic State
.... 1998.
Lewis, Bernard. The Arabs in History. New York: Harper & Row, 1966. Roberts, DS
Islam. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981.
(1365
5
)
Status of Women in Islamic Society
.... policy, a feature of women's traditional prerogatives in household management (Schwartz 77;
Lewis passim). According to Croutier (20), "
Islam holds women in ....
(2025
8
)
Motivation of Al_Qaeda
.... is roughly equivalent to the culture of radical fundamentalist
Islam, which entails ....
Lewis explains that militant Muslims in various cultures, "identified as ....
(2959
12
)
Jihad of the Islamic Religion
....
Lewis, Bernard. The Arabs in History. .... Saudi Arabia: ARAMCO Press, 1980. Saunders, JJ A History of Medieval
Islam. 6th ed. New York: Rutledge, 1990.
(1589
6
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Racial Order at Cape Town
.... that their spiritual status is "rated very low."3 Further to this point, particularly as far as African slavery and
Islam are concerned,
Lewis suggests that ....
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)
The Gates of Ijtihad THE GATES OF IJTIHAD Intellectual Freedom a
.... Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press.
Lewis, Bernard (1974).
Islam from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople. Vol. II: Religion and Society. ....
(3857
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)
Iran: Before and After the Revolution
.... As
Lewis noted, the Islamic Revolution was only to be the first stage in a .... and apostates, while restoring the mullahs interpretation of the only true
Islam. ....
(2513
10
)
The history of the Ottoman Empire
.... Heyd, Uriel. "The Later Ottoman Empire in Rumelia and Anatolia." The Cambridge History of
Islam. Ed. PM Holt, Ann KS Lambton, and Bernard
Lewis. Vol. ....
(3071
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)
Case Study: Democratization and the Rentier State
.... their history." Bernard
Lewis (1996, 52), an acknowledged expert in Islamic political studies, claimed more than six years ago that
Islam is incompatible with ....
(6581
26
)
Khalwati order of Dervishes
.... De Jong, Frederick. "Khalwatiyya." The Encyclopedia of
Islam. E. Van Donzel, B.
Lewis, and C. Pellat, eds. Leiden: EJ Brill, 1978, 991-993. De Jong, Frederick. ....
(4285
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)
Islamic View of Charity
....
Lewis (1990) describes one of these provisions: The tradition of private charity, for example, is old and deeply rooted in
Islam, and is given legal expression ....
(4030
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)
Nasser's death in 1970
.... Sadat. London: Andre Deutsch.
Lewis, Bernard (2003). The Crisis of
Islam. New York: Modern Library. Lippman, Thomas W. (1989). Egypt ....
(5000
20
)
World Religion Textbooks: 2 Book Reviews
.... Winfried Corduan, and Religions of the World by
Lewis Hopfe and .... into 10 additional chapters addressing, in order, Judaism,
Islam, Zoroastrianism, traditional ....
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)
MEDIA PORTRAIT OF MIDDLE EASTERN PEOPLES Introd
.... Orientalist scholar Bernard
Lewis has warned of "the return of
Islam, and Harvard professor Samuel Huntington predicts a coming clash between Occidental and ....
(4126
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)
The Developing Philosophy of Malcolm X
.... From early 1964 until his death in February 1965, Malcolm functioned as an independent spokesman for
Islam, though increasingly engaging in civil ....
Lewis, Anthony ....
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