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Reagan Media Campaigns

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This is a study of the imagery employed by the Ronald Reagan media campaigns of 1980 and 1984, and of how that imagery related to Reagan and to his policies. A striking characteristic of the Reagan presidency was that Reagan the man was consistently more popular than the policies he stood for. In some cases, indeed (notably that of the Contra aid program during the 1984 election), Reagan's policy position was understood within the campaign itself to be so unpopular that mention of the policy was specifically excluded. People thus did not vote for his policies, for the most part, but for the persona  a persona they encountered almost exclusively through the mass media. How both "paid media" (advertising) and "unpaid media" (management or "spin control" of television news) were used to create the Reagan persona is the focus of this study.

Early in the 1980 Republican primary campaign, several Republican candidates gathered for a televised debate in the town of Nashua, New Hampshire. As the event got under way, an acrimonious backstage debate erupted over which candidates should be permitted in the actual TV debate. The George Bush campaign wanted to narrow the field to Bush and Reagan, showing the Republican race as a twoman race between Bush and Reagan. Reagan's campaign preferred to allow more candidates into the debate. This, they thought, would have the effect of reducing

Bush's implicit stature more than Reagan's, since Reagan with his b

. . .
blic affairs, and addresses a matter of concern only to people who live in bear country. But the implicit meaning was obvious: the bear was the Soviet Union, and we ought to be cautious and suspicious in dealing with it. It visually and emotionally linked our political fears of the Soviets with our primal fear of large wild animals. The message came through loud and clear. Yet the Soviets were never actually mentioned. Moreover, the implicit message couldn't be argued with. In the face of this ad, it was worse than useless to point out that the Soviet Union of 1984 was stagnant, or that its only adventure in "prowling" in nearly forty years, Afghanistan, was developing into a fiasco. To so answer the ad would be to bring the Soviets up to the conscious level  only to defend them. The prowlingbear ad presented, in an implicit and almost subliminal way, the "negative" side of Reaganism: anxiety about Communists. Likewise implicit and subliminal were the "positive" adds of Reagan's 1984 campaign. These often featured smalltown scenes, waving flags, cheering crowds  almost always presented in soft focus. By photographic and cinematic convention, soft focus is associated with nostalgia and memory; thus Sidney
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 3118
Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page)

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