Competitive Trait Anxiety

DOES IT DIFFER AS A FUNCTION OF GENDER IN A SAMPLE OF

There have been numerous studies of competitive trait anxiety on the performance and mood states of both professional and non-professional athletes (e.g., Pokrajac, 1982; Man, Stuchlikova & Kindlmann, 1995; Martin & Gill, 1991; Cooley, 1987). Some of these have examined for relationships between self-esteem and competitive trait anxiety in relation to a variety of mood states and variety of sport performance behaviors as well as in relation to each other.

For example, in one study of self-esteem and competitive trait anxiety, Lewthwaite and Scanlan (1989) examined for predictors of competitive trait anxiety in male youth sport participants (N=76) in a competitive wrestling program, as well as for relationships between the measures and several mood/cognitive states. All athletes in the study were required to complete the Sport Competition Anxiety Test, a self-description questionnaire designed to measure self-esteem, and other instruments assessing mood.

Findings of the study indicated that subjects with more frequent competitive trait anxiety symptoms had lower self-esteem. Regarding mood, those with high levels of competitive trait anxiety and low levels of self-esteem reported greater upset if they performed poorly; also, they expressed a preference for avoiding a tournament

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st instruments. Assumptions All of the methods and procedures used in the study will rest on the following assumptions: 1. It is assumed that the sample is representative of the population from which it is to be drawn. 2. It is assumed that all test instruments validly and reliably measure that which they purport to measure. 3. It is assumed that all subjects in the study will respond to the test instruments as accurately and precisely as possible without fabrication of any kind. 4. It is assumed that the selected statistics are appropriate to the level of data measurement as well as all other pertinent considerations and will, therefore, show a difference between groups if differences do in fact exist. Hypotheses Examination of the existing research on competitive trait anxiety and self-esteem did reveal gender differences; however, as noted in the review of the literature, there has not been much gender-comparative research. Given this fact, it seems that the existing research did not provide a firm justification for the formulation of directional hypotheses. For this reason, all hypotheses formulated for testing in the proposed research were worded as null theses. These null hypotheses can be delineated as
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Approximate Word count = 2791
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)

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