ainst Prejudice and Violence calls a 'proliferation', of racial incidents on college campuses across the country. Incidents of on-campus 'intergroup conflict' have occurred at more than 160 college campuses in the last three years" (Steele 47).
As Steele writes, what differentiates 1989-style racism from the racism of the 1960s or earlier is the degree of subtlety in the 1989 type.
The nature of the 1989 type, says Steele, includes outright violence, but such examples are in the minority: "The nature of these incidents has ranged from open racial violence - most notoriously the beating of a black student at the University of Massachusetts (which led to) . . . a racial bashing with a crowd of up to 3000 whites chasing twenty blacks - to the harassment of minority students, to acts of racial or ethnic insensitivity, with by far the greatest number falling into the last two categories" (Steele 47).
The "non-violent" forms of racism in recent
...