Realist Image of International Relations
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What the realist image of international relations comes down to as a theoretical perspective of the global political economy is that it presumes that nation-states approach the political economy with political self-interest paramount and instrumental in achieving national goals, with national goals being filtered through a calculus of power vis-à-vis other nation-states. With power as the chief political concern, it follows that political benefit, or power, would translate into economic benefit, and that any benefit a nation-state might enjoy in the geopolitical arena would come at the expense of benefits and power of other nation-states. As Frieden and Lake explain, "Realists perceive politics as determining economics" (1996, p. 31). Accordingly, where the issue of free trade is concerned, the Realist position would be that the nation-state would seek to minimize its own liability for tariffs or other fees on goods that it exported, while attempting to levy tariffs or other fees on goods that it imports, so as to protect the ability of domestic makers of similar goods to compete with foreign goods on price, hence shore up its domestic economy and demonstrate its ability to manipulate trade: "Trade protection--which might reduce a country's overall income by restricting the market--may be adopted for reasons of national political power" (Frieden & Lake, 1996, p. 31).One of the foundational American articulations of the Realist position on economic development in an inter
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itics and the pleas for human rights is conducted. Unfortunately, at the level of government policy operations there is scant evidence that policymakers in even the most progressive and pluralistic of states are remotely interested in making a project of honoring the concerns of identity politics and human rights. Rather, policymakers are concerned to develop and exploit markets and access the social goods and other benefits that are linked to market strength. Where rights and identity-accommodation concerns do reach the policy agenda (chiefly the industrial democracies) has relatively little to do with where suppression and oppression of identity expression and human rights are practiced as a matter of policy (almost everywhere else). And indeed the industrial democracies have showed relatively little interest in positive promotion of human rights where market-related opportunities are not also available. The whole effect is to create a climate of criticism of politically pluralist nations for not fixing what is wrong with the fascist and theocratic states--and for resenting the shape that outside interference in retrograde states and cultures might take.
If one accepts that a realist image of international relations is above al
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Approximate Word count = 3656
Approximate Pages = 15 (250 words per page)
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