Muslim Brotherhoods
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After more than twelve centuries of existence, which included persecution at the hands of "crusading" medieval Christians and colonial domination by Great Britain throughout Asia and Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a new fire was ignited within various individuals and groups in the Muslim world in the years between the first and second World Wars. The fire in the hearts of men like Maulana Maududi and Hasan al-Banna burned for the establishment of Muslim states in Pakistan and Egypt (and elsewhere), democracies which would restore dignity to the people by allowing them to "reassert the cultural traditions derived from their religion," and for those who "clung tenaciously . . . to the memory of a brilliant civilization which, in their eyes, was irreplaceable by anything the West had to offer." Unfortunately, the test of time has, according to the views of some Western observers, "tended to view each case as confirming the same conclusion: efforts to build an Islamic state and efforts to build democracy are mutually incompatible." The purpose of this paper is to examine the history and evolution of the Jama'at-i-Islami in Pakistan and the Muslim Brotherhood (Jamiya'at al-Ihkwan al-Muslimin) in Egypt, and to compare and contrast the two. The Muslim Brotherhood, created in 1928 by Hasan al-Banna, was a synthesis of "the intellectual ferment sweeping through the Islamic world" in the 1920s and 1930s, and "Leninism." The melding of "a vast corp
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all the seats on the governing board of the Cairo University Professors' Club (1990), and to 10 of the 12 seats on the Pharmacists' Association governing board (1990).
We will return to the Muslim Brotherhood in a comparison of its activities with those of the Jama'at-i-Islami, tho whom we now turn.
The Jama'at-i-Islami (Jama'at) was founded in August 1941, by Maulana Maududi, who headed the organization for thirty-one years, in order to "give institutional shape to his ideas on the reconstruction of Muslim society based on Islamic principles and to prepare and train a cadre of Islamic workers who could act as a vanguard of an Islamic revolutionary movement," as he "reflected on the problems the Muslims of India faced on the eve of partition." Seventy-five people constituted the charter membership of the organization. According to Ahmad, the principal objective of the Jama'at was "the establishment of the Islamic way (al-Deen) so as to achieve God's pleasure and seek salvation in the Hereafter." Following the Prophet's example, the Jama'at "would have to stand apart from the crowd and still draw the Muslim community into the pale of Maududi's Islam."
As Pakistan was about to be carved out of a portion of Indi
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 3690
Approximate Pages = 15 (250 words per page)
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