People in Early European History
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The mode of life faced by people in early European history can be discerned in writings from and about that period. The couples featured in three books--Magdalena & Balthasar by Steve Ozment, The Return of Martin Guerre by Natalie Zemon Davis, and Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance by Alexandra Parma Cook and Noble David Cook--will serve as reflections of the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, and the nature of the relationships between the members of each couple serve to point out the role of women in the period, the development of capitalism, the development of the modern sovereign state, and other cultural and economic issues of the Reformation and counter-Reformation periods. The couples in these three books represent different aspects of the social scene of the time. The story of the legendary law case surrounding the property and life of Martin Guerre is a story of French village life among the peasantry. The letters written by the husband and wife Balthasar and Magdalena takes the reader to the world of the merchant class in Germany. The central figure in the third book is Francisco Noguerol de Ulloa, an explorer who left Spain for Peru and achieved a successful life there before returning to Spain. These three works taken together show a shifting economic picture as the stratified societies of Europe offer a degree of mobility for the merchant, the explorer, the trader, while maintaining the wide separation among classes for most of society. Women in
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he outset that these people represent a different level in society:
As they were not peasants and had means, I had no illusions that I had stumbled upon the silent voice of Europe's common man. On the other hand, these were also no aristocrats of any historical accomplishment (Ozment 12).
Balthasar is a merchant who has been prepared for the role of merchant since childhood:
His language, as his bearing, tends to be that of the professional businessman, clearer and more precise than Magdalena's and always, but never only, to the point (Ozment 13).
Merchants such as Balthasar depended on the growth of the town, which itself paralleled the development of the state:
With the sixteenth century, and more still during the following two centuries, large towns grew up in the West, assumed positions of prime importance and retained them brilliantly thereafter. . . This late growth would have been inconceivable without the steady advancement of the states: they had caught up with the forward gallop of the towns (Braudel 411).
This is apparent in the world of Balthasar in the letters and in the analysis by Ozment, who notes that Balthasar had traveled outside the city of Nuremburg while Magdalena had not gone much beyond the c
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2044
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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