ristotle sees justice as producing the common good, which links him with the later Utilitarians who sought the greatest good for the greatest number.
Plato also was much concerned with justice and offered one of the most complete discussions of the topic in The Republic, where different speakers offer their views of what justice might be, and indeed should be. The first conception of justice offered in The Republic is justice that underlies traditional morality, and it is Cephalus who suggests this definition. He looks back over his life and states that justice is found in speaking the truth and paying your debts. This leads to the argument of Thrasymachus, who defines justice as a form of radicalism. The theory of Glaucon is addressed next, a pragmatic view which sees justice as the result of fear, the fear of retaliation. Men are thus forced to be just by the fear that they will be punished if they are not. For Glaucon, then, justice is a function for the weaker in society, while the ruler, who has all the power, need not be just. Plato looks to all these definitions of justice and uses them as the stepping-off place for his analysis
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