International Business and Marketing

The globalization of business and economic life has been so often spoken and written about in recent years that it has become a cliche. Nevertheless, it is certainly true that the environment of business is international to a degree not seen in the past, with the implication that a larger number of business people will, at some point in their careers, find themselves doing business in a foreign country. This requires, however, that they adapt themselves not only to the cultural features of a foreign society, but to its political institutions as well. The world economy may be increasingly globalized, indeed, but the world is still legally and politically organized on the basis of national sovereignty.

All nations have their rules and regulations for the conduct of business, and these often differ widely from what is accepted in the United Statesvery generally, in a direction that is frustrating for an American business person, since most nations' political cultures accept more government interference in business than is the American norm. Apart from the rules and regulations that may apply at a given time, nations' governments and their policies are subject to change, sometimes dramatic or even

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ates with high national incomes but narrowlybased economies to India, with a "modern" sector comparable to a major industrialized country, but embedded in a much larger and essentially premodern peasant society. Broadly speaking, the Third World nations are characterized by less stable governments, a tradition of greater governmental interference in business, and suspicion of the West in general and of foreign business in general (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988, p. 611ff). Historically, nationalism and anticolonialism were in much of the Third World closely tied to socialist ideology. The failures of socialist development from the 1950s through the 1970s has tended to make many Third World nations more open to freemarket approaches, but old suspicions linger. Nor can the continuation of freemarket approaches be taken for granted in these nations; if freemarket development fails to "deliver" adequately in the 1990s, a swing back to the leftaccompanied by antibusiness measures ranging up to expropriationremains a real possibility. The final group to be considered are the drastically underdeveloped "Fourth World" countries, found mainly in Africa. These are nations where the "modern" sectors are minimal in extent; often, both
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Approximate Word count = 2536
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)