City of Jeddah
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There is a need for a new, comprehensive study on the historical development of the City of Jeddah. Located on the west coast of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah is often referred to as "the Bride of the Red Sea." As noted by Bokhari (1978), the city was the site of ancient settlements, dating back to more than 2,000 years ago (pp. 55-56). A source from the fourth century B.C. indicates that Alexander the Great traveled through a village on the site during his passage from Makkah [Mecca] to the Red Sea (Jeddah, the bride of the Red Sea, pp. 48-49). Jeddah's importance as a trade center and port city became especially apparent after the seventh century C.E., with the spread of Islam throughout the Middle East. Because of its proximity to Makkah, Jeddah soon became established as a "gateway" for pilgrims making their way to the Holy City (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Information, 1991, p. 91). At the same time, the flow of pilgrims through Jeddah caused the city to become increasingly important as an economic and cultural center. By the tenth century C.E., Jeddah was "a truly flourishing commercial town" (Bokhari, 1978, p. 112). In the fifteenth century, the city became even more important as a trade center. This occurred because political conditions caused European merchants to shift from ports on the Black Sea and the Persian Gulf to those on the Red Sea in order to continue conducting their trade with the Far East (Harrow & Larkin, 1985, p. 5
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itors to the city. These accounts are useful for giving additional insights into Jeddah's historical development. For example, Bokhari discusses the views of J. L. Burckhardt, a Swiss traveler who converted to Islam and visited the region of Jeddah during the early nineteenth century. The first volume of Burckhardt's book Travels in Arabia will be useful in this study because it includes an entire chapter on the status of Jeddah at the time (Bokhari, 1978, p. 82). Another European traveler who provided an eyewitness account of Jeddah was the famous English explorer and adventurer, T. E. Lawrence. In describing the city during the early twentieth century, Lawrence claimed that Jeddah was "indeed a remarkable town" (Mohammad & Farsi, 1991, p. 12). Yet another European to provide a first-person description of Jeddah and its environment was Charles M. Doughty. In his 1888 book Travels in Arabia Deserta, Doughty noted that the City of Jeddah was not only an important Red Sea port for pilgrims on their way to Mecca, but was also the center for an active slave trade in the region (Doughty, Vol. 2, p. 375).
Various other sources will be used in order to trace the history of Jeddah. For example, a great deal of information regar
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Approximate Word count = 1967
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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