Foreign Policy Views of Russia's Leaders
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3. There are numerous foreign policy orientations among Russia's leaders. These views of foreign policy are related to various conceptions of Russia's national identity. Dawisha and Parrott identify five schools of thought on foreign policy among the Russian leadership. Richter identifies three basic foreign-policy orientations among Russian leaders. Though these authors agree, in general, that national identity is the principle around which approaches to foreign policy are constructed, Dawisha and Parrott are more interested in the specifics of relationship of Russia to the former Soviet republics, and to questions of ethnic identity, and feel more subdivisions are necessary to demonstrate how these particular interests affect foreign policy development. The choice of dividing the policy spectrum into more or fewer basic orientations depends largely on the context of the discussion. Dawisha and Parrott explain that, despite the residual institutions of the Soviet Union, Russia has been slow in developing a process for making foreign policy decisions (198). Though it has the superstructure and personnel of the necessary institutions, the Russian leadership is far from developing consensus over the aims of the nation's foreign policy. Dawisha and Parrott identify five basic foreign policy orientations. These approaches are all, more or less, associated with existing institutions. But within each institution there is a significant range of opinion so that, in the aut
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the Civic Union and various leaders, are seriously concerned about the fate of the 25 million Russians who live in the other CIS nations. They believe that Russia need not limit itself to its present borders, and that the CIS nations should not expect to have the same level of security that Russia enjoys. According to this school of thought, the possibility ethnic conflict within the CIS nations, or of conflict between Russia and the rest of the CIS, necessitates an activist foreign policy that will promote Russian interests (Dawisha and Parrott 201).
The fourth school of thought identified by the authors concentrates on the notion that Russia is undergoing a rebirth. Economic renewal, to be accomplished largely without Western assistance, is the eventual goal of this rebirth. Intellectual, cultural, and spiritual rebirth are also part of their program. This Slavophile orientation is popular among a number of intellectuals and writers and among much of the hierarchy of the Orthodox church. And, as renewal progresses very slowly, this isolationist orientation is increasingly popular among the people as well (Dawisha and Parrott 201-202).
Finally, the authors' identify a fifth basic foreign policy orientation among ultran
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Approximate Word count = 1480
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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