Structure of the Federal Courts The f

Federal courts, on the other hand, exercise limited jurisdiction. They can only hear controversies which are enumerated in Article III of the Constitution. Article III describes the powers of the three branches of the federal government. Those branches cannot exercise a power if it is not granted by Article III. Article III states that the Supreme Court and inferior federal courts established by Congress can only hear cases arising under the Constitution or federal statutes; cases affecting public ministers, ambassadors, and consuls; admiralty and maritime cases; controversies between two or more states; controversies involving the United States as a party; controversies between a state and the citizens of another state; controversies between the citizens of different states; controversies between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants from different states; and controversies involving a foreign state or its citizens and

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last half of the Twentieth Century, some commentators began calling for a new level of federal appellate court to help handle the growing load of cases being sent to the Supreme Court. This new appellate court would be national in scope, rather than tied to a particular geographic area, as were the circuit courts of appeal. It would be able to resolve conflicts between the circuits, rather than instantly applying to the Supreme Court for resolution of the conflicts. However, this idea was not popular and it died during the 1970s. With the death of the national court of appeal, many, including Chief Justice Warren Burger, began calling for legislation which would reduce the caseload of the Supreme Court. However, all of these ideas met with strong opposition and calls for the reform of the federal judicial structure were silenced by 1990. Special courts have been established to handle certain types of cases. In 1903, Congress created three-judge district courts to hear suits filed by the Attorney General under the Sherman Antitrust Act or the Interstate Commerce Act. Appeals from decisions of these courts went directly to the Supreme Court. The jurisdiction of these courts was gradually increased until the 1970s, when t
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Approximate Word count = 1569
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)

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