Geopolitical Trends
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For over forty years, global geopolitics was dominated by Soviet-Western antagonism. With the former Soviet Union's recent demise, the world order must inevitably change. Although new patterns have yet to emerge, the 21st century may be greatly influenced by economic considerations. Past ideologies such as Marxism-Leninism could be replaced by nationalism. However, even nationalistic tendencies could eventually succumb to economic realities. The post-Cold War world will not involve hegemony or imperialism. With widespread democratic reform, nations will become increasingly pluralistic. Agreements on trade, environmental concerns, and human rights may subdivide the globe into economic blocks. These may include the following: the Americas, the Pacific Rim, Russia/Europe, Mideast, and Africa. By promoting both political and economic reforms, the United States might influence the development of such trends. During the first half of the 20th century, the laws of Friedrich Ratzel (1896) provided inspiration for German imperialism. Following World War I, Karl Haushofer and his followers defined global "panregions." They envisioned each panregion as "a large functional area linking core states to resource peripheries and cutting across latitudinally distributed environmental zones (O'Loughlin & Wusten 1-18)." To Germany, such global subdivisions provided a means by which imperialistic powers could exploit the raw materials of coloni
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Western Hemisphere nations. NAFTA essentially removes trade barriers and tariffs between Mexico, the U.S., and Canada (Peterson D1). In addition, in 1991, South America established the Southern Common Market. These tariff reductions have created a common market among the following countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Between 1990 and 1994, trade among these member nations more than doubled.
In addition, combining both North and South America, will be the newly negotiated Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). This agreement will establish a "free-trade zone of unprecedented economic and geographic reach (Gernstenzang A1, A12-A14)." Indeed, it will eliminate all Western Hemisphere tariffs and other barriers to free trade from the Arctic to Argentina. As President Clinton has said, "It is the key building block in our creation of a partnership for prosperity." Moreover, such negotiations may lead Latin American countries toward political reforms. Already several states are turning toward market economies, and away from previous "heavy-handed state interference." For example, talks are currently underway to incorporate Chile into NAFTA. By including Chile in this agreement, the United States is sending
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Approximate Word count = 2624
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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