Capitalism and Marx
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2. To argue that capitalism is a system of inequality and class conflict, Marx takes as his point of departure the idea that the dominant class, the bourgeoisie, controls capital, property, the means of production, and hence by extension all those (far more numerous than the bourgeoisie) who make up the laboring class (i.e., labor). Indeed, Marx sees an equivalence between capital, property, and the means of production, which are all concentrated in the bourgeoisie. More than this, Marx analyzes bourgeois power as aligned with fundamental forms of social organization and oppression: "Hitherto, every form of society has been based . . . on the antagonism of oppressing and oppressed classes. . . . Society can no longer live under this bourgeoisie . . . its existence is no longer compatible with society" (Marx, 2002, p. 209). Just as Marx links class power to political power, he links political power to industrial-economic power over the laboring classes. The bourgeoisie's ability to control industry and economy had as its consequence bourgeois control of the political system. This dominance, according to Marx's logic, implies oppression of the majority of persons in society because capital will always seek to maximize its benefit. Marx's solution: revolution and dictatorship of labor, which Marx terms the proletariat. He does not deal with the result of such a dictatorship and seems to simply assume that the proletariat will exercise its own power in a just way. He offers no ev
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hildren breast fed for less than three months turned out to have lower IQs than those breast fed for longer periods, although short duration of breast-feeding did not predict below-average intelligence. Motor skills of all of the children, regardless of breast-feeding duration, did not vary with statistical significance. And while it could not be determined whether maternal behavior affected cognitive skills per se, what researchers did find is that shorter-duration breast-feeding was more likely to have occurred among mothers who were smokers and who had comparatively less education than nonsmoking, more educated mothers.
A study reported in 2003 measured cognitive and motor development of babies at 18 months of age, based on a comparison of infants who were formula-fed since birth, at least partially breast-fed for up to four months, and at least partially breast-fed longer than four months (Gomez-Sanchiz, Canete, Rodero, Baeza, & Avila, 2003). As in the Scandinavian study, other variables, such as maternal education, body data, and lifestyle behavior, were also taken into account, as well as parental IQ scores; all of the babies were brought to normal or slightly premature term and were otherwise healthy at birth. At age 18 mo
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Approximate Word count = 9891
Approximate Pages = 40 (250 words per page)
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