Impacts on Organizational Effectiveness

In addition, organizational effectiveness can be measured in terms of causal variables. These are factors which are directly influential in guiding an organization toward its goals, and which are subject to the control of the organization's leaders (Hersey & Blanchard, p. 117). Organizational structure or hierarchy has been seen as one of the most influential causal variables impacting group effectiveness. This view is seen, for example, in social analyst Elliott Jaques' statement: "The first and essential step in all organization analysis is to establish the nature, policies and structure of the association (Jaques, 1976, p. 96).

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ugh which "shared understandings and meanings" are conveyed (Beyer & Trice, 1988, p. 141). In particular, the transmission of underlying cultural messages often takes the form of communication rites which pertain to the symbolic goals of the organization (Beyer & Trice, p. 142). Because they are indicative of overall organizational goals, such forms of communication relate directly to the ways in which overall organizational efficiency can be obtained and maintained. Organizational development is also an important contributing factor in analyzing organizational efficiency. It has been noted that all organizations benefit from intentional change brought about through the utilization of change agents (Simmons, 1981, p. 250). The purpose of organizational development is to improve efficiency by "bringing variables into closer alignment so that the organization can meet the challenges and opportunities posed by the environment" (Morgan, 1989, p. 65). The process of organizational development has been likened to the process of evolution as seen in the world of nature; however, it is understood that such progressive change in organizations is dependent upon human decision and action (Morgan, 1989, p. 65). One of the most impo
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