Attitudinal or Individual Discrimination

. Attitudinal discrimination is the sort of discrimination cited as having been reduced or eliminated. Attitudinal or individual discrimination is discrimination fueled by certain attitudes about the minority group which causes the individual to target that group, seeing them as lazy, unproductive, harmful, or otherwise unwanted. Racism that is embedded in the system may involve no racist bigotry at all but may have become institutionalized, with policies that appear benign but that are in fact discriminatory toward minority persons (Ransford 36).

Such institutionalized racism can be seen as operating in the Diana Pearce Study on housing discrimination. She demonstrated that some forms of institutionalized racism could focus on racial characteristics. She conducted experimental studies which demonstrated that when black and white couples of identical economic profiles (including such characteristics as educational background, work experience, and salary) approach real estate agents, black couples are less likely to get to see a house and more likely to be directed toward areas of black concentration. This is institutional discrimination because a consensus exists among real estate agents as to which areas are to remain all white and which areas are more acceptable for blacks. The motivation may derive from economic issues and from a fear of reducing sales to white buyers. The process involves organizational agreements and patterned inequalities that go beyond individ

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conomy such as they are beginning to develop can be found now. These workers are thus attracted to the U.S. by the forces generated by the American economic system, and in this sense Mexico and the U.S. are becoming more symbiotic, at least in the short run (Yetman 385). 4. Alex Kotlowitz examines the lives of two boys in a Chicago housing project and delves in this way into issues of the ghetto, the economy, education, and the alternatives offered people in this social milieu. In terms of education, the author notes the sorts of inner-city schools available and the fact that residents in the Horner area have always found the schools inadequate, even though in the past they have produced a number of notable alumni. The schools at times have been rallying points for protests against separate and unequal schooling. The budget in these schools is only 85 percent of that in predominantly white schools, with operating expenses only 66 percent that of white schools (Kotlowitz 63). Gangs and the sale of drugs are common elements of street life and often seem more glamorous, more lucrative, and more inevitable than any mainstream alternatives such as school, jobs, and the few programs offered by the city. Gangs recruit from the

Category: Psychology - A