DNA
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1. DNA serves as the carrier of genetic information in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Devlin, 1997, 564). The flow of biological information goes from one class of nucleic acid (DNA) to another (RNA), with only minor exceptions, and goes from RNA to proteins. For this transfer to occur faithfully, each preceding macromolecule serves as a structure-specific template for the subsequent member of the sequence. DNA is a replicon - a molecule that can undergo self-replication, allowing it to make copies of itself during cell division so that it can pass these copies on to daughter cells, which inherit every property and characteristic of the original cell. In this way, DNA serves as genetic information, determining the properties of living cells by control of protein synthesis and transferring biological information from one generation to the next.2. Because DNA is double stranded, each strand can act as a template for replication of the other strand (Devlin, 1997, 642). Replication is semiconservative, with each new double strand of DNA containing one old strand and one new strand (643). Each strand serves as a DNA polymerase template for the synthesis of a new strand. Primers are formed by primerases to initiate replication by assembling the first few nucleotides, generally using ribonucleotides for incorporation into primers. In mammalian cells, DNA polymerase ? catalyzes the synthesis of the leading strand, and DNA polymerase ? catalyzes synthesis of the lagging st
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at correspond to pathological states. See diagram at:
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/southBlotg.html
(Alberts, Bray, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, & Walker, 1998).
17. The three domain system is an evolutionary model of classification based on differences in the nucleotide sequences in the cell's ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), the cell's membrane lipid structure, and its sensitivity to antibiotics (Kaiser, 2004). The system proposes that a common ancestor cell gave rise to three different cell types, each representing a domain: the Archaea (archaebacteria - prokaryotes), the Bacteria (eubacteria - prokaryotes), and the Eukarya (eukaryotes). The Eukarya then divided into four kingdoms: Protists, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae. The advantages of this system are that since rRNA molecules throughout nature carry out the same function and their structure changes very little over time, similarities and differences in rRNA nucleotide sequences are a good indication of how related or unrelated different organisms and cells are.
18. Archaea: prokaryotic; membranes composed of branched hydrocarbon chains attached to glycerol by ether linkages; no peptidoglycans in cell walls; insensitive to some antibiotics that affect Bacte
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Stock Achey, DNA RNA, Fever Lyme, Termination DNA, DNA Bowen, ATP AMP, Enterobacteriaceae Johnson, Southern Blot, Koch Koch's, Microinjection DNA, 2004 retrieved, devlin 1997, dna polymerase, achey 2001, cell walls, stock achey 2001, mccall stock achey, mccall stock, stock achey, phage dna, abedon 2003, protein synthesis, protein coat capsid, contain dna rna, chains attached glycerol,
Approximate Word count = 6623
Approximate Pages = 26 (250 words per page)
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