Length of Index and Ring Fingers

The relationship between physiological structures that are characterized by sex differences and the associated behaviors and performance of males and females has captured the interest of researchers for several decades. In order to explore the nature of these relationships, many researchers have compared the brains of males and females to identify the structural differences and explore their implications for the respective behaviors of males and females (Spratt, 1999; Sowell, Trauner, Gamst, & Jernigan, 2002). For example, the study of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTc) that is related to gender identity indicated that the BSTc was larger and consisted of more neurons in men, in comparison with those of women (Chung, De Vries, & Swaab, 2002). Another study conducted by Gur, Gunning-Dixon, Bilker and Gur (2002) showed that the comparatively larger orbital

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hat the sex differences in the brain was related to hormonal levels triggered at different times of development. The studx conducted by Goldstein et al. (2001), which compared the cortical and subcortical regions of the brains of males and females, also identified sex differences in particular regions. More importantly, it indicated that the extent of the sex differences was higher in the brain areas that had "developmentally high levels of sex steroid hormone receptors" than other regions. Even more significantly, Achiron, Lipitz and Achiron (2001), in their comparison of male and female fetal corpus callosum, were able to detect the presence of sex difference in the thickness of the corpus callosum – a part of the brain that is critical to cognitive functioning. Based on the fact that the thickening of the corpus callosum occurred during the same period as the maximum level of sex hormonal influences, Achiron et al. (2001) concluded that sex hormones may play a prominent role in influencing the fetal cerebral development and thus cognitive functioning. What the above literature has shown is that sex differences in the brain structures of males and females affect their behaviors including their cognitive functioning. Mo
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Approximate Word count = 1961
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)

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