Culturally Defined Values

2. Norms are the rules and expectations of conduct which either prescribe a given type of behavior or forbid it (Elwell). They are guidelines for action, standards of behavior, social rules (Major). For instance, wearing clothes in public, obeying traffic signals are norms (Sociology). In case of a street accident, you would expect the medic to attend to the patient, and the police to direct the traffic - these are norms of behavior. Real norms are those which are actually practiced while ideal norms are those which ought to be practiced. Society uses norms as a way of keeping order

3. Sanctions are rewards for conformity or punishments for nonconformity that reinforce socially approved forms of behavior (Elwell). Society uses sanctions to enforce norms and protect society from chaos (Sociology). Sanctions can be physical or psychological. Positive psychological sanctions are such things as ribbons, medals, awards. Negative psychologica

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