Effects of Cromer Appointment to Egypt

THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF CROMER'S APPOINTMENT

The intervention of the European powers in the administration of Egypt began in 1876, when the Egyptians requested assistance with their financial problems (AlSayyid, 1968). To this end, the European powers formed the Caisse de la Dette Publique, which was composed of European commissioners. The commissioners were to act in behalf of the bondholders, and were to be appointed by the European powers. Alongside the Caisse, two controllersone British and one Frenchwere to be appointed. These measures did not prove effective in dealing with Egypt's financial problems.

Following the failure of the Caisse, the British, in particular, felt that the entire administration of Egypt needed to be assumed by the European powers (AlSayyid, 1968). The British soon negotiated an agreement whereby they became

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proaches to government found within the family of democratic states. At one end of this democratic spectrum are the countries which attempt to centralize authority, such as the United States, in which a single individual is elected nationally as chief executive, or such as Britain, where the nationally elected parliament is supreme. At the other end of this democratic spectrum are the countries with collective leadership, such as Switzerland, where a federal council is elected separately from each of the cantons, and in which the presidency rotates annually among the members of the federal council. Within any particular governmental system, the approach to leadership also tends to vary. Westerners tend to favor highly partisan politics, where there are clear winners and losers, and where the winners force their will on society to the extent a particular political system permits. Asians, conversely, 8tend to favor consensus politics, where there are no clear winners and losers (Keyfitz, 1988). Within such societies, decisions are often much longer in coming than they are in western societies; however, they also typically enjoy a much broader base of support than that found for most political decisions in western societi
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Approximate Word count = 3846
Approximate Pages = 15 (250 words per page)