GERMAN FOREIGN POLICY (1933-1936)
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This research paper traces the evolution of German foreign policy during the first four years after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. In 1933 and 1934 German foreign policy was marked by a series of incremental, opportunistic and relatively low risk moves, which reflected the priority given to Hitler to the consolidation of his internal position and Germany's secret rearmament. They were designed to exploit disunity and weakness among the European powers which might otherwise jeopardize the achievement of Nazi (National Socialist) Germany's long-term expansionist goals. Germany diplomacy was implemented by a combination of traditional and revolutionary methods, which achieved remarkable success, despite a major setback in Austria. In 1935 and 1936 German foreign policy became more adventuresome. Its aims were to complete the destruction of the constraints on German power established under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles (Versailles) and to free Germany's hands to expand in Central and Eastern Europe. In those years, Germany, primarily as a result of Hitler's bold, shrewd and manipulative diplomacy, seized the initiative in European affairs and wreaked a significant shift in the strategic balance of power in its favor. These successes were achieved at minimum short-term cost but masked the more fundamental mismatch between Hitler's unsatiated territorial ambitions and Germany's limited resources.
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in Kampf, sought to diminish Italian support for Austria by offering to renounce the claims of the German minority in the Italian South Tyrol. Largely to placate Mussolini, Hitler had gone along with Mussolini's meaningless Four Power Pact which was signed by Britain, France, Italy and Germany in Rome on July 15, 1933. Hitler and Mussolini met in Venice on June 14-15, 1934. According to Weinberg, that meeting in Hitler's mind "gave him grounds to assume that all would be well if the coup [planned against Dollfuss] succeeded" (104). In fact, Mussolini had formed a negative personal impression of Hitler. He reacted strongly against the Nazi putsch against Dollfuss which resulted in the latter's assassination on July 25, 1934 by sending four Italian divisions to the Brenner Pass. Dollfuss' successors arrested many of the coup plotters. The degree of Hitler's foreknowledge of Dollfuss's murder is still unclear, but the putsch was a miscalculation by him. Hitler was forced to disavow any German involvement. Baumont said "the abortive takeover in Vienna was one of Hitler's rare blunders before 1939" (88).
Relations with the United States. The relations with the United States got off to a rocky start in 1933 and remained poor thereafter
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 3519
Approximate Pages = 14 (250 words per page)
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