Government revenues to create tuition vouchers
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The use of government revenues to create tuition vouchers redeemable at public or private primary and secondary schools was proposed by the conservative economist Milton Friedman (1962).The idea of using publicly funded tuition vouchers to finance education, which had a long history before Friedman gave it new life, has assumed a number of guises over the years. Although it has received limited attention from those actually charged with solving the problems of financing education, the voucher concept has received support at various times from concerned parents and educators on the political Left and the political Right (Krashinsky, 1986). Because it promises great freedom in education, the educational voucher remains an attractive idea. Considered to be similar in many respects to educational tax credit programs, a voucher system is even less likely than such programs to be put into operation. Practical and theoretical difficulties with its implementation have prevented the general acceptance of a voucher system for financing education (Peterson, 1983). An educational voucher system is conceived as a way of fostering excellence in education by encouraging healthy competition among schools. In its simplest form, such a system would provide parents with a fixed amount for each child to use for enrolling the child at the school of their choice, public or private. In that way, good schools would prosper and bad schools would go bankrupt. In theory, a voucher system
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ns of the original plan, retreating from Friedman's doctrine in some respects, include measures to adjust the amount available to reduce obvious inequities.
Vouchers are not an exclusive property of political conservatives. A liberal version of an educational voucher system was proposed by Christopher Jencks (Jencks, 1966; Areen and Jencks, 1971). Eschewing the extreme laissez faire ideology that animated Friedman's voucher proposals, Jencks and his colleagues have presented vouchers as a way to make schools more diverse and more responsive. The "reformist" voucher system includes a complex system of regulations intended to reduce the potential for abuse. Operating from premises in near opposition to those that motivate conservative voucher advocates, proponents of a reform voucher system see an extensive regulatory element as an essential part of any voucher system: ". . . an unregulated voucher system could be the most serious setback for the education of disadvantaged children in the history of the United States" (Areen and Jencks, 1971, p.332). Under a reformed voucher system, parents would not be permitted to make additional financial contributions to schools; schools could not turn away applicants as long as the
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Approximate Word count = 3142
Approximate Pages = 13 (250 words per page)
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