International Regimes

Both Robert Keohane and Robert Gilpin acknowledge the significance of economic interests in the creation and functioning of international regimes, as well as employ aspects of economic theory in the analysis of regimes. Gilpin, however, generally addresses the question of regimes in broader terms than does Keohane. Keohane stated that "the liberal international arrangements for trade and international finance" could be interpreted "as responses to the need for policy coordination created by the fact of interdependence. These arrangements, which we will call 'international regimes,' contained rules, norms, principles and decision making procedures.1

Keohane's analysis was concerned primarily with the period stretching from the end of the Second World War to the mid1980s. Although he recognized the broad character of international relations during this period, he attributes the motivations of the central international actors during this period primarily to their competing economic interests. In this context, he stated that one "can view international political economy as the intersection of the substantive area studied by economics . . . with the process by which power is exercised that is central to politics. Whenever, in the economy, actors exert power over one another, the economy is political. This area of intersection can be contrasted with 'pure economics," in which no actor has any

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tribution share has traditionally been 50 percent or more of the total contributions, IMF policy has been largely American policy. This character of the IMF structure also supports Gilpin's contentions about international regimes. The EEC was created with the signing of a treaty in Rome in 1957, by Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Nederlands. The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) was created at the same time, by the same treaty, and with the same membership. Each of these organizations became functioning realities on 1 January 1958. Prior to the creation of the EEC and EURATOM, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) had been created by a treaty signed in Paris in 1951. The ECSC was comprised of the same six member countries which formed the EEC and EURATOM, and became a functional reality on 10 August 1952. Until 1 July 1967, each of the three communitiesthe EEC, EURATOM, and ECSCfunctioned as separate entities, although there were some common institutions. On 1 July 1967, however, the executives of the three communities were merged into a single  24Keohane, 142. commission, and the goals and objectives o
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Approximate Word count = 4423
Approximate Pages = 18 (250 words per page)

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