Maternity Benefits Legislation
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The Congress has considered more sweeping legislation with respect to maternity benefits. Through early 1991, however, such expanded legislation had not been enacted. Several states, however, had enacted more sweeping and more explicit legislation. These state laws typically prescribed the female employee's rights with respect to (1) maternity leave, (2) compensation during such leave, and (3) reemployment subsequent to the completion of such leave. California's pregnancy leave statute has been challenged and tested in court. The law was challenged on the grounds that it discriminated against males, in that it dealt only with the rights of female employees who become pregnant. The challenge was eventually decided by the United States Supreme Court, which found that (1) the statute was constitutional, and (2) the employer was required to reemploy the female in the position she held prior to commencing pregnancy leave. The latter finding was based on a provision of the California statute, which required such action on the part of employer.The under representation of women in management within an organization may be caused by a variety of factors. These factors may range from overt discriminatory policies on the part of the organization to ingrained attitudes within a company which lead to bias in selection and recruitment to societal phenomena which cause fewer women to receive the necessary education and training to prepare them for managerial respo
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m. Accordingly, two research questions were investigated in this study. These research questions were stated as follows:
1. What factors were involved in the development of the limited representation of women in upper level management at the focus organization?
2. What is the relative importance of the factors identified as contributing to the limited representation of women in upper level management at the focus organization?
Data Requirements and Collection
The data required for the investigation of the research questions were collected through the administration of a survey questionnaire. A copy of this questionnaire is presented in exhibit 1, which may be found beginning on the following page.This questionnaire sought respondent perceptions with respect to (1) the existence of discrimination against women in promotion to upper level management, and (2) the factors underlying any such discrimination.
The survey questionnaire was administered to a sample of women managers at the focus organization. A total of 30 women managers (in all managerial levels at the company) were selected for inclusion in the sample. Random procedures were employed in the selection.
Exhibit 1
Survey Questionnaire
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Approximate Word count = 1423
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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