Nonverbal Communication
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In contemporary research, it has been estimated that at least sixty five percent of communication between people is expressed through nonverbal messages. Research further indicated that there are at least nine components of communication that are expressive in a nonverbal manner, leading to increased difficulties in understanding and explaining communication. Theses components include: the human body, in that physical characteristics often convey a message; kinesics, the language of body position and movement; the eyes, their contract and use; paralanguage, those voice qualities and characteristics that accompany spoken words; silence; tacesics and stroking, the language of touch and its substitutes; proxemics, the way that humans use space to communicate; chronemics, time in both its cultural and physiological dimensions; and color (Vargas, 1986, pp. 10 11).In this review of the literature, the previously identified classifications will become the framework in order to analyze the developmental background of the principles surrounding nonverbal communication. The paper will focus a bit on the methodological assumptions of the research, but will primarily look at the overall place that each research study has in the overall field of nonverbal communication. At the end of the paper, some conclusions will be drawn according to the studies presented, and directions for further research will be discussed. Within the past two decades, there has been a significant increas
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s, and the codes must be meshed together rather than analyzed as simply component parts. If one or another component is absent, for example, a skewed version of the communicative behavior may result (Kinseth, 1989); and, 4) The immediate or timely causes of nonverbal behaviors are of a great deal more interest to researchers than the original causes or consequences. Of course, cause and effect play a significant role in the understanding of psychological behavior, however, when dealing with nonverbal behaviors specifically, it is more important to decode the immediate causality for a particular action than to search for dichotomous motivations (Akert and Panter, 1988; Mabry, 1989).
All of these categories function both dependently and independently of one another and may be combined in various ways in order to produce a specific research design that will further the understanding of nonverbal behavior. Sometimes, in fact, these categorizations are used only superficially as a basic framework, and nonverbal behaviors are even studied in areas outside psychology (Master and Sullivan, 1989).
Thus, the study of nonverbal behavior is made up of many aspects and unique problems and interpretations. First and foremost, the human bo
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Akert Panter, Baesler Burgoon, Golinkoff Gordon, Trimboli Walker, , Master Sullivan, Lyman Scott, Boice Monti, Bueller Aune, nonverbal behavior, nonverbal communication, Nonverbal Behavior, nonverbal behaviors, etal 1989, behavior 11, social psychology, etal 1988, burgoon 1987, baesler burgoon 1987, sullivan 1989, walker 1987, journal nonverbal behavior, nonverbal behavior 11, nonverbal behavior research, nonverbal communication paper,
Approximate Word count = 2373
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)
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