U.S. Relations with Pakistan and India

I. Introduction: Perspectives on U.S. Relations with Pakistan

a. U.S. influence near Indian subcontinent

II. Historical Relationship between the U.S., Pakistan, and

III. Factors influencing the relationship between the U.S.,

IV. Balance of issues and future prospects

b. Role of Pakistan and India visavis global U.S.

In the modern world, India is the world's largest, and most populous, democracy. It, like the United States, has a Constitution and laws which commit it to free elections as a means of deciding civil and governmental questions. Pakistan, although faced with a far different system of government and the need to continually reassess its hegemony, has been faced with a myriad of problems, both from the standpoint of its foreign policy issues with India, and its place in the larger context of the geopolitical sphere. Both India and Pakistan are located far from the United States, and neither possess the capability to form a direct military threat to the United States.

However, this fact notwithstanding, ". . . and despite an ease of communication between their elites through the medium of the English language the . . . relationship has been more troubled than tranquil, more competit

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and friends of democracy, and many believed that the United States stood with the forces of militarism against democracy. . . If Washington's attempts at mediation had succeeded, enormous loss human, physical, social would have been avoided in Bangladesh. Fullscale war would have been avoided but independence secured (Choudhury, 1975, p. 210). In addition, the idea of a "nowin" situation was further exacerbated when India refused to acquiesce to continued arms shipments to Pakistan. India maintained that its earlier agreements with the United States had been broken, and for the United States to remain committed to improving relations within the region, no further shipments could be sent to Pakistan. The United States, on the other hand, realized that without Pakistani loyalty, a vital buffer zone between China and the Indian Ocean area would be lost. Thus, the basic principles of hegemony were at stake. India believed that the United States did not take its commitments to her in a serious fashion, and that the U.S. believed itself to be so far superior to India that it did not need to follow through on its agreements. The United States, on the other hand, seemed caught between two localized rivalries, and could

Category: Foreign - U