Women Managers in a Aerospace Corporation

In this chapter, literature is reviewed which is relevant to the problem examined in the study. As the proportion of women found in the upperlevel of management in any company is the product of factors which are both unique to the specific organization and pervasive in society, the literature reviewed is broad in scope.

The participation of women in the American workforce is directly relevant to the examination of the presence of women in upperlevel management. Upperlevel managers do not simply appear on the organizational scene. Rather, they are drawn from subordinate managerial ranks, which, in turn, draw from the general workforce.

The history of working women in the United States is a largely ignored subject. Schools, regardless of level, seldom discuss in detail the critical roles played by women in the building of the country. Much information, for example, is provided about the soldiers at Valley Forge, yet little is said of the women who were also present as cooks, launderers, and food scavengers. American women have played vital roles in all of the country's warsas nurses for the wounded, as spies, and as workers to replace the

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having to justify the wage levels of the different classes of employees within their organizational structures. Yet, organizations large and small continued to find ways to pay their women workers less than male workers. Prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, jobs traditionally occupied by women were openly paid less than those jobs traditionally occupied by men on such grounds that: (1) women's' jobs were structured to preclude heavy physical work; (2) women were not legally permitted to work as much overtime as men; and (3) women were less committed and less efficient than men.10 Open discrimination based on such reasoning was ended, for the __________ 8Civil Rights Act of 1964, Public Law 88352, 78 Statute 253/42 U.S.C. # 2000e 1976. 9R. G. Blumrosen, "Wage Discrimination, Job Segregation, and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964," University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 12 (Spring 1979): 397502. 10K. L. Shim, "Differential WhiteNonwhite Migration Sensitivities to Income Differentials," American Economic Review, 26 (Spring 1983): 6668. most part, under the equal pay for equal work provisions of the act. Compensation discrimination continued, however, l
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Approximate Word count = 5273
Approximate Pages = 21 (250 words per page)

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