DNA
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In 1953 in an English pub two young men raised their glasses in a toast to one another and as Francis Crick, 36, and James Watson, 24, clinked glasses, Crick toasted “We have discovered the secret of life!” (Leon 56). The secret of life may still elude scientists, but the discovery of the structure and chemical composition of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) molecule was important enough to earn Crick and Watson, both still living the former in research on the brain and the latter in scientific administration, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine nine years later. For years scientists had been working on discovering how genetic traits are passed from one generation to the next. Discovering the structure of DNA would solve the riddle.The DNA molecule was described by Watson and Crick as a double helix which formed between two strands of DNA. The research was important because it went against the prevailing theory of the structure of the model proposed by Pauling and Corey in that the discoverers proposed that “the phosphates of the nucleotides faced outwards and were accessible to solvent, while the bases of the two strands faced inwards and hydrogen bonded with each other” (Did 126). The discovery of the structure also allowed scientists to understand another important function of the molecule-how it might be able to protect the genetic information it has stored within itself so that it is able to pass it one from one generation
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versa. However, even though this model is generally accepted as credible, there is evidence that this simplistic model of the complex molecule might not be an actual virtual representation of the molecule in reality, “Watson and Crick’s powerful image of a linear, uniform double helix has been a useful model; however, in the real world DNA has the plasticity to adopt conformational states far removed from the elegant simplicity in 1953” (Wolffe 330).
The research of Frederick Sanger would come to show that a protein’s character was created by the way amino acids were arranged. Crick understood that a gene had to somehow decipher what the correct line-up of amino acids was in order to be able to wrap itself correctly into the three dimensional structure that allows it to have some of its special properties. Crick and Watson were determined to show how this was done. A big influence on the pair was Sir Lawrence Bragg, a director at the Cavendish Laboratory where Crick worked. Crick learned the value of simple assumptions and looking at the widest amount of evidence possible when trying to fit a model with the facts. Yet, his discovery could not have come if he wouldn’t have taken a different approach than Bragg, a fact that
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Approximate Word count = 1361
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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