Islamic Rulers
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The Islamic Empire existed from approximately AD 622 – 1258, a period roughly divided by four phases: The Hijrah Era (AD 622 – 632), the Rightly Guided Caliphs (632 – 661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661 – 750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750 – 1258), (Middle 1-4). Muhammed was the leader of the Hijrah era, a brief span of time that ended when Abu Bakr assumed the title Khalifah (successor) to the Prophet. It was during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs that one of our subjects under study, Uthman (of the Umayyad Clan), ruled from 644 – 656 (Middle 1). By the time Uthman came to rule, the Islamic Empire had defeated the Eastern Roman Empire, and conquered Palestine, Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia. It would take another two centuries before our next subject under study, Ja’far al Mutawakkil, would rule the Islamic Empire during the Abbasid Caliphate from 847 – 861 (Middle 2). Both of these caliphs were murdered and ruled the Islamic Empire with varying degrees of impact on political, military, religious, and social levels. This analysis will compare and contrast the rule of Uthman with that of Mutawakkil. A conclusion will address what the murder of each ruler tells us regarding the era during which they ruled.Uthman was the third Caliph of the Islamic Empire. Under his reign the Empire expanded to include Armenia, Caucasia, Khurasan, Kirman, Sijistan, Cyprus, and a good portion of North Africa. Uthm
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he writings of the Koran were copied into volumes and this became the universal standard adopted by all of Islam “There is Consensus around the integral contents of Uthman’s volume. This means that one who denies or questions it in whole or in part has left Islam” (Uthman 2). Uthman’s wealth and power gave him a luxurious life despite the violence of his reign. Still, he emigrated twice, once to Abyssinia and another time to Madina. Still, it was conflict over leadership and transmission of the Koran that would lead to Uthman’s death at the end of a twenty-two day battle against those who supported Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, whom Uthman had ordered killed.
When it comes to the reign of Ja’far al-Mutawakkil, we see a different Islamic Empire. We are now in the Abassid Caliphate, the longest and most powerful of all the Islamic Empire eras. The capital of the Islamic Empire was Baghdad during the rule of Mutawakkil. Like Uthman, Mutawakkil came to power during a time of military conflict and internal unrest. The Amirs of Tunisia and Algeria has assume autonomous rule and the Taharid Amirs of Khunwam “drifted out of Abassid control” before Mutawakkil became Caliph in 847 (Middle 2).
Mutawakkil’s life was not one that experience
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1377
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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