Morbid Obesity
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In Robert Brolin’s Bariatric Surgery and Long-Term Control of Morbid Obesity, the author discusses morbid obesity and three types of gastric restriction operations: stapled gastroplasty, gastric banding, and Rouxen-Y gastric bypass (SEE Appendix). Obesity is defined as being 20% or more than the ideal weight body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more (Brolin 2793). In the U.S. obesity has been classified by public health officials as an “epidemic” with more than 30 percent of Americans suffering from obesity (Brolin 2793). The costs to society from this public health crisis are staggering, as obesity-related medical illnesses are estimated at $51.6 billion annually in the U.S. alone (Brolin 2793). With respect to morbid obesity, those who are 100% over the ideal body weight determined by standard life insurance tables are classified as morbidly obese. Males aged 25 to 34 years who are suffer from morbid obesity have a 12 times higher mortality rate than men in the same age group of normal weight (Brolin 2793). Such costs to society and such high mortality rates make surgery one of the best alternatives to weight loss in the morbidly obese. As Brolin argues, “Surgical treatment of severe obesity appears to be cost-effective by eliminating use of medications and absenteeism form work in patients who were previously morbidly obese” (2793). With respect to gastric restrictive operations, each has been shown to have different levels of efficacy
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re rate has been reported 10 years following vertical-banded gastroplasty.10 Gastroplasty has recently fallen into disfavor due to poor weight loss maintenance and a 15% to 20% rate of reoperation for either stomal outlet stenosis or severe gastroesophageal reflux.
Gastric banding uses a premeasured prosthetic device to restrict oral intake (Figure, B). The circumference of the band is generally in the range of 5.0 cm, similar to the measurement used for gastroplasty. Kuzmak" introduced an inflatable band in which the diameter of the band can be adjusted by infusion of saline through a subcutaneous reservoir. Complication rates with the early techniques of gastric banding were relatively high due to stenosis, erosion, or both of the band, frequently requiring reoperation. Weight loss results and complication rates with the inflatable bands are better than those observed after the earlier banding techniques. Although erosion of the inflatable bands is relatively uncommon, usability of the subcutaneous reservoir deteriorates over time. Weight loss with gastric banding has been less consistent than weight loss reported after banded gastroplasty and gastric bypass.12
Gastric bypass combines gastric restriction with a small amount
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Restrictive Operations, Appendix Obesity, Obese Subjects, OBESITY DEFINED, Measures Outcome, Figure Weight, Operations Biliopancreatic, Box Weight, Medical Improvement, weight loss, Criteria Minimum, gastric bypass, bariatric surgery, morbid obesity, morbidly obese, excess weight, ideal weight, weight loss results, blood pressure, loss results, gastric banding, gastric restrictive operations, super obese patients, ideal body weight, patients morbidly obese,
Approximate Word count = 2520
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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