A comparion of Elementary Schools:Performance and Income

The United States falls behind other countries with regard to educational performance in mathematics and science scores. There is a concern and efforts to ensure that U.S. schools are not left behind in academic status (Liebmann, 2003). Weckstein (2003) reported that implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act results in schools being academically assessed for accountability. High-quality educational services must be provided to students and parent involvement affects this process.

Desimone (2002) reported on the history of United States academic status and resulting school reform. In 1983, A Nation at Risk, by the National Commission on Excellence in Education, reported on the poor educational status of the United States. This was met with a response that called for increased standards and regulations in education and increased core requirements. These early efforts focused on changing teaching practice with designs for reform such as Accelerated Schools, the School Development Program, the Coalition of Essential Schools, and Success for All. These programs

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s of figures, reasons about relationships between perimeter and area, estimates and measures quantities, carries out simple unit conversions, and uses scales in maps. Pickreign and Capps (2000) stated that while teachers may use spatial models they may not use related spatial concepts or vocabulary. Findings showed that textbook language was not similar or related to geometry that is expected by standards. It was estimated that one fourth of the textbook chapters were designed to meet NCTM standards and these dealt with geometry and measurement concepts. Measurement concepts were found more than spatial concepts and arithmetic dominates all mathematics instruction at the expense of geometry. Pickreign and Capps concluded that it remains unclear whether standards are inappropriate or whether there is simple a failure to include vocabulary in instruction. Standards for primary grades in other subjects such as reading are also reported. Wixson and Dutro (1999) analyzed state standards for reading/language arts for 42 states. The study was guided by criteria established by the Council of Chief State School Officers and nine other educational organizations; information regarding grades K-3 was sought. The authors stated
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Mintrop MacLellan, Lewis Schaps, Prawat Jennings, Emmer Gerwels, Pugalee Wallace, Borko Elliott, African American, Ann Kay, Entwisle Alexander, California Texas, instructional strategies, school improvement, elementary school, academic achievement, school reform, improvement plans, expressive support, student achievement, school improvement plans, mathematics science, african american, elementary middle schools, mintrop maclellan 2002, journal negro education, elementary school teachers,
Approximate Word count = 6648
Approximate Pages = 27 (250 words per page)