Attention Deficit Disorder: An Overview
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This paper provided a clarification of the two terms--"Attention Deficit Disorder" (ADD) and "Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" (ADD)--that are often used interchangeably to describe a childhood disorder of attention deficits. First, the unique characteristics and attributes of these two subtypes of ADD are presented. Essentially, hyperactivity is a key component of ADHD, while inattention is the central element of ADD. Second, the prevalence rates of the ADHD in general and the two different subcategories were presented and discussed. Third, the reasons underlying the confusion between the two terms were discussed, along with the ramifications. Finally, to help educators work with students suffering from ADD or ADHD, strategies and related recommendations were also provided. To enhance these students' social skills, educators can: a) model and rehearse appropriate social behavior; and b) help them to reflect on social situations in journals. For the management of inappropriate behaviors, educators can: a) develop classroom plans and behavioral contracts with the students to analyze and modify their behaviors; b) enforce classroom rules consistently; and c) encourage students by praising their positive behaviors. As for academics, educators can assist students in this area by: a) creating an appropriate classroom environment; b) ensuring students understand the instructions for performing tasks; and c) adapting their instructional approaches to meet
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researchers, males tend to have higher risks of any type of ADHD than the females with ratios ranging from 4:1 to 9:1. As reported by Liu and Leslie (2003), 9.2 percent of male school-aged children and 3.0 percent of their female counterparts satisfy the criteria for any type of ADHD. However, other researchers suggested the low number of females who have been diagnosed with any type of ADHD may be due to the failure to detect ADD in girls. According to these researchers, girls tend to have ADD, which can go undetected due to the lack of overt signs of disruptive behavior. Moreover, because ADHD is widely perceived as a problem experienced by males, the presence of ADHD in females may only be detected in the most severe cases characterized by significant impairments (Wood, 2001).
Confusion of ADD and ADHD
Based on the above discussion, it is evident that ADD and ADHD differ significantly from one another, in spite of their common problem of attention deficit. Yet, it is being employed interchangeably within educational circles. In fact, various articles on this topic utilized either ADD or ADHD as an umbrella term to describe the condition. In order to understand the underlying reasons for the interchangeable use of th
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Approximate Word count = 5509
Approximate Pages = 22 (250 words per page)
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