Indian Tribes and Gambling
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In recent years, various Indian tribes have turned to casino-type gambling operations as a way to generate revenues and to overcome the deep-seated unemployment facing many tribes. Various commentators have noted the sudden growth of legalized gambling on Indian reservations. This shift also can be considered a sign of the sweeping shift in public morality that is under way in virtually every municipality, Indian and non Indian, across the country as gambling has become an acceptable form of mass market entertainment. In 1992 Americans spent more on legal games of chance than on films, books, amusement attractions, and recorded music combined; in that same year Americans spent three times as much money at Indian gambling casinos as on movie tickets (Magnuson, 1994, 169). Some of the impetus for the growth in gambling on Indian reservations derives from the 1988 legislation known as the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA), legislation which has recently come under fire from various critics who believe that Native Americans are being given an unfair advantage in developing gambling or who are opposed to gambling itself and see this legislation as immoral or as bad public policy. Reference can be made to the agreement between the Pequot Indians and Connecticut as an example. Under the Federal Indian Gaming Act, if any form of gambling is legal in a state, something similar must also be permitted on the lands of a recognized Indian tribe. In Connecticut,
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n the government of Indian affairs. Traditionally, states have had virtually no authority within Indian lands. When Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulation Act, it was providing states with the means to regulate tribal gaming to a degree (Kading, 1992, 317-318). The legislation is still relatively new, and important questions remain unanswered. It is hoped that the tribal-state compact process established in the IGRA may be a means to reach answers. Both the states and the Indian groups have the same interest in keeping Indian gaming free of corruption, and the states and the tribes can work together toward this goal. Other areas will create friction between the two, of course, and the battle over revenue will be central (Kading, 1992, 338).
The legal battle taking place in Florida is an example. IGRA gave the states the power to regulate, and Florida has been sued for refusing to negotiate with the Seminole Tribe on the issue. The parties have disagreed on which games are permitted by the state and thus which are negotiable. The state maintains that "slot machines" are not negotiable under the compact because Florida law does not permit such machines to be operated within the state (Bardakjy, 1994, 1066-1067). A
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Approximate Word count = 3204
Approximate Pages = 13 (250 words per page)
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