Social Work: Search For a Framework

Introduction and Statement of Purpose

Social work has long sought a conceptual framework to describe both its most basic approach to service delivery -- generalist social work practice -- and the underlying and normative ethics and values which must be operationalized in the delivery of client services. Generalist social work might accurately be described as a perspective that focuses on the interface between systems, on a client-centered and problem-focused philosophy, and on an openness to multiple theories and approaches for improving peoples' well-being (Schatz, Jenkins, & Sheafor, 1990).

In this context, as Schatz, et al (p. 219), have pointed out, all social workers have been charged with the task of acquiring knowledge about their communities and client groups so as to better understand normative and value systems. Additionally, social work values and philosophy express

the important recognition within the profession that practice be carried out with the ultimate respect for the worth and dignity of the person or system and the expectation that each client will achieve his or her destiny within a process that maximizes self-determination

and self-actualization (Hepworth & Larson, 1986, pp. 19-20).

Although no single social work philosophy has been promulgated, the intent of a social work philosophy is to offer various principles for social work practice that stipulate general beliefs about how the profession generally views the world (Hepworth & Lars

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ndation of social work and use of a multi-level problem-solving methodology. 2. A multiple, theoretical orientation, including an ecological systems model that recognizes an interrelatedness of human problems, life situations, and social conditions. 3. A knowledge, value, and skill base that is transferable between and among diverse contexts, locations, and problems. 4. An open assessment unconstricted by any particular theoretical or interventive approach. 5. Selection of strategies or roles for intervention that are made on the basis of the problem, goals, and situation of attention and the size of the systems involved (Schatz, et al, 1990, p. 223). Generalist social work also requires an approach to practice that is client-centered and problem-focused. When viewed in their extreme applications, Schatz, et al (1990), have stated that the client-centered and problem-focused approach appears antithetical. When used in balance, however, the generalist social worker helps clients to experience personal awareness in the process of identifying and prioritizing areas for change and intervenes by using both client and community resources that move the client to improved social functioning.

Category: Philosophy - S