Frederick W. Taylor
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Frederick W. Taylor is known as the father of Scientific Management, a major theory of management and administration that has been utilized in both the private and the public sectors. Taylor was a mechanical engineer whose writings on efficiency and scientific management were widely read, and he was also the founder of "systems engineering." Taylor's influence is still felt in the structure and operation of management and in bureaucracies both public and private around the world, and much of the development of public and private sector administration in this century owes a debt to Taylor and his writings. His approach has had psychological consequences in terms of the way we view and respond to management issues as well as considerable influence on ideas about efficiency. Scientific management itself was a form of industrial engineering that established the organization of work as in Henry Ford's assembly line. This discipline, along with the industrial psychology established by others at the Hawthorne Works of Western Electric in the 1920s, altered management theory from early time and motion studies to the latest total quality control ideas. Frederick Winslow Taylor was born in Philadelphia in 1856. He prepared for college at Philips Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire, and was accepted at Harvard. After his eyesight failed, he became an industrial apprentice in the depression of 1873, one of the two major depressions in this co
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compensation. Congress passed the Classification Act in 1923 in response to pressures to standardize wages as well as for greater efficiency in government. During this period, there was an emphasis on specialization that fostered the rise of a number of new professions, and personnel management itself was one of those professions. Personnel work before had been clerical work, but the demands of scientific management were greater (Dresang 31-33).
Taylor retired at the age of 45, but he continued to devote time and money to promoting the principles of scientific management through lectures at universities and professional societies. From 1904 to 1914, Taylor lived in Philadelphia with his wife and adopted children. He was elected president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1906. In that same year, Taylor was awarded an honorary doctor of science degree by the University of Pennsylvania. Many of his most influential writings first appeared in the Transactions publication of that society, among them "Notes on Belting" (1894), "A Piece rate System" (1895), "Shop Management" (1903), and "On the Art of Cutting Metals" (1906). Taylor's most influential work, The Principles of Scientific Management, was published
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Approximate Word count = 2943
Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page)
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