Birth Order and Family Size

Kessler (1991, pp. 413-426) conducted a study the purpose of which was to test a hypothesis that birth order and family size do affect individual achievement in later life. Data were collected from a sample that included both males and females. The hypothesis was tested through the application of analysis of variance procedures to the data. The study found that birth-order did not affect many factors equated to organizational success such as growth in wage rates. The implication of this finding was that birth order was not implicated strongly in an individual's success in later life.

Hanushek (1992, pp. 84-117) tested the hypothesis that birth order is related to successful scholastic performance. Data were collected for a sample of subjects ranging in age from six years to 17 years. The hypothesis was tested through the application of analysis of variance procedures to the data. The study did find that first born children achieved greater scholastic success than did later born children; however, the researcher concluded that this outcome was more attributable to family size than to birth order. The implication of this finding is that birth order is relevant to later success, but that other factors are involved.

Berger and Ivancevich (1973, pp. 515-519) tested the generalizability of the relationship between birth order and achievement. Data were collected from a sample of 104 middle managers over a s

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nt of females within organizational structures. Ishiyama, Munson, and Chabassol (1990, pp. 17-18) investigated differences in fear among high school students of the negative consequences of academic failure as a manifestation of birth order. Data were collected from a sample of 194 high school students. Data were analyzed through the application of analysis of variance procedures. First borns exhibited the lowest levels of fear than either last borns or middle borns. This finding implies that first borns may develop greater levels of self confidence than later born children, which may contribute to greater success in later life. Ghosh (1989, pp. 90-92) examined leadership style as a function of birth order. Data were collected from a sample of 55 lower and middle managers. Data were analyzed through the application of analysis of variance procedures. The research found no relationship between leadership style and birth order. To the extent that leadership style is a function of attitudes held by an individual, these findings conflict with other research reported in the literature. One implication of this finding is that additional research is required to firmly define the links between birth order and organizational per
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Approximate Word count = 1458
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)

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