Birth Order and Success

CHAPTER TWO - PRECEDENCE IN RESEARCH

The purpose of this project was to establish the relationship between birth order and success in organizational management. To examine the precedence in literature for this issue, literature relevant to two topical areas was reviewed. A review of the literature relevant to success in organizational management is followed by a review of literature that specifically addressed the relationship between birth order and individual success in later life.

Success in Organizational Management

Leadership styles will vary between the extremes of task and relationships orientations, between authoritarian leadership and participative management, and between directive leadership and management-by-objectives, to state but a few distinctions. The leader who is completely task oriented will likely make decisions that are geared to "getting the job done," regardless of the socio-psychological effect such decisions may have on the individual members of an organization. Conversely, the leader who is completely relationships oriented will likely make decisions which, while they avoid organizational conflict development, will often immobilize the organization from an economic perspective. The most successful leaders give consideration to both economic and social factors in decision-making. The balance between these two sets of values will vary between organizations and will vary within organizations over time. This balance d

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e of 201 individuals profiled in Notable American Women. The relationship was tested through the application of chi square procedures. The research found that writers were more likely to be first borns, that second borns tended to select scientific careers, and that last borns tended to seek careers in the performing arts. One problem with this study in the context of drawing implications for further research is that all subjects included in the research sample were high achievers. Thus, the validity of a generalization of the findings to a broader population of women is questionable. Brenner and Beutell (1989, pp. 57-64) examined the attitudes of male and female managers toward the concept of women as managers within the context of the birth order of the subjects included in the research sample. Data were collected from a sample of 278 middle managers at two major banking firms. Data were analyzed through the application of multivariate analysis of variance procedures. The study found that first born male managers held the most negative attitudes toward the concept of women as managers, while first born female managers held the most positive attitudes toward the concept. This finding implies that the greater success in l

Category: Psychology - B