ANWAR SADAT AND THE UNCOMLETED ARAB-ISRAELI PEACE

Anwar Sadat became President of Egypt on the death of Gamal Abdel Nasser, whose vice president he had been. Nasser in turn had led Egypt since overthrowing a conservative monarchy in 1952. During much of that period, Nasser was the dominant political figure not only in Egypt but throughout the Arab world. In order to understand the emergence and significance of Anwar Sadat, it is necessary also to outline the career of his predecessor (Waterbury, 1983; Lippman, 1989).

Nasser was in background a panArab nationalist, a movement that had risen in response to European colonial rule. While Egypt had gained its formal independence shortly after World War II, it remained under heavy British influence. In 1956, Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, triggering a combined BritishFrenchIsraeli response that developed into an ArabIsraeli war, ended only by joint diplomatic intervention by the US and the Soviet Union (Waterbury, 1983).

Subsequently, Nasser drew closer to the Soviets, and USEgyptian relations deteriorated. In the American view, he became the badboy strongman of the Arab world, a role subsequently filled by Hafez Assad of Syria, Moammar Kadafi of Libya, and most recently Saddam Hussein of Iraq. At the same time, he made repeated efforts to bring a panArab nationalist ideal into practice. In the 1960s, for example, Egypt briefly and formally united with Syria to form the United Arab Republic.

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