ADD

Objectives & Statement of the Problem 2

Chapter Two: Review of Related Literature 4

Limited research has been conducted in the area of attention deficit disorder (ADD) in adults. Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD) (1999) stated that ADD in adults has not been thoroughly researched and only recently has been recognized as an adult disability. CHADD reported that this might be attributed to the previous belief that the symptoms of ADD were resolved in adolescence due to brain development, hormonal change, or other developmental changes. Mannuzza, Klein, Bessler, Malloy, and LaPadula (1997) also expressed the concern that very little is known about the adult outcome of ADD.

Self-esteem is considered the most important aspect of self-development (Stipek, Recchia, & McClintic, 1992). Research found regarding affects of ADD/ADHD on adult's self-esteem is lacking.

Objectives & Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to assess the extent to which ADD/ADHD affects adult's self-esteem. Intervention strategies used in psychotherapy will be evaluated to determine which approaches

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ts with ADD have very little understanding of the disability. After they have been given a proper diagnosis, they are usually relieved to find out that their difficulties are due to ADHD, and not due to personal flaws. Family therapy is considered to be helpful in resolving the chaotic relationships that usually occur as a result of ADHD. Involvement of the adult's family during the treatment process can be helpful by providing feedback about the efficacy of the treatments and in ameliorating the adult's cooperation with the treatment. Researchers have found that adults with ADHD experience lower levels of occupational achievement than those studied without ADHD (Mannuzza et al., 1993; Slomkowski, Klein, & Mannuzza, 1995). CHADD (1999) stated that adults with ADD often experience career difficulties and may lose their jobs, which may be attributed to poor job performance, attention and organizational problems, or relationship problems. CHADD also discussed some intervention strategies which include: scheduling regular physical exercise, maintaining a sense of humor, eliminating negative self statements, reducing or eliminating alcohol or drug use, having those close to them help with remembering commitments, and providing

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