Anemia: Different Classifications
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There are several different classifications of anemia, depending on the underlying pathophysiology (Mansen and McCance, 843). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia encountered, both in underdeveloped and in developed countries, and is due to a decrease in the number of red cells because of a lack of sufficient iron (MedlinePlus, 2005). Iron is an essential component in the production of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying pigment in erythrocytes and is normally obtained in the diet (Mansen and McCance, 2002, 850; MedlinePlus, 2003). Babies are born with roughly 500 mg of iron in their blood, and by adulthood, need to have accumulated roughly 5,000 mg. To keep up with their growing needs, children need to absorb about 1 mg of iron daily, but because they tend to absorb only about 10 percent of the iron they eat, they need to need to ingest 8 to 10 mg of iron each day. Babies who are breastfeeding absorb iron three times better from breast milk than from other foods. However, drinking too much cow's milk can lead to iron deficiency in children because the calcium in the milk competes with iron for absorption. Iron is needdd in the body for erythropoiesis - the production of new erythrocytes - whose lifespan is roughly 120 days (Mansen and McCance, 850). This necessitates a constant supply of iron, but iron is recycled in the body from dead erythrocytes, keeping total body levels fairly constant. Iron loss from the body in signific
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uced in the gut lumen and enters the absorptive cell through the divalent cation transporter, Nramp-2. The proteins in both these pathways interact with the enterocyte with paraferritin, which is a large protein complex which is able to carry out the process of ferrireduction. Any excess iron is stored as ferritin to protect the cell from oxidative damage, When iron leaves the cell to enter the plasma, the process is facilitated by ferroportin and hephaesin, which associate with an apotransferrin receptor. The enterocyte varies it iron content with the body's requirements for iron by transporting iron from plasma into the cell using a holotransferrin receptor when necessary.
Sifns and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of IDA include inflammation and soreness of the tongue; abnormal pallor; irritability; fatigue; tachycardia; enlarged spleen; brittle nails; cracked lips; headache; dizziness; difficulty concentrating; shortness of breath; poor appetite, especially in infants and children with IDA; delayed growth in infants and children; blue-tinged or very pale sclera; and unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances such as ice, dirt, or pure starch - a condition called pica (Blood Diseases, 2004; Health Guide A-Z, 2005; Mayo
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2540
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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