Analysis of the Speech Acts
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Speech allows human beings to accomplish various tasks they feel are necessary to their survival, happiness and self-actualization. Verbal speech acts are usually conducted for communicative purposes, and into this category of speech acts falls the construct of verbal conversation. Ideal sustained communicative events, in this case verbal conversations, require two or more participants to repeatedly alternate their roles between speaker and listener. The failure of communication is most fundamentally caused by a failure of one of the parties to accept the alternate listening role on cue. The timing of the alternation (or "turn") must be accurate, in order that appropriate communication may take place. A system of taking turns to make utterances also allows room for the expressing and receiving of feedback, which provides an ongoing measure of the level of successful communication being achieved. A person who is a successful conversationalist or a "good listener", usually values the role of listener more highly than the role of speaker. The claim for the position of speaker cannot last indefinitely in a two-way conversation - otherwise it becomes a monologue. Turn taking is complicated by the addition of various strategies used by both parties for achieving the role of speaker. One strategy used to switch turns in a conversation is the lowering of the intonation of the voice (on the part of the speaker) to signal that a response would
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ressee constructs may not, of course, be the same as the text that the speaker believes was constructed. As long as the gap is not too great, the discrepancy will probably not be noticed. But if it becomes very large, further negotiation about the meaning of the text may be necessary." (Linde 12)
External, or conversational coherence occurs when the speaking to listening ratio is relatively equal between the parties. Internal coherence exists where a speaker has a belief in the consistency of their expressions with the principle of Cooperation. The existence of internal coherence can present a barrier to effective communication, as the speaker cannot perceive the degree of cohesion from an objective point of view. Speech acts share characteristics which have been defined and described by English language philosopher, H. P. Grice (1975). Grice's conversational maxims were developed as a means of the scholar being able to understand the way in which the speaker's intended meaning is produced through the literal meaning of a sentence. The first maxim has been labeled the Cooperation Principle. This term describes a theoretical form of cooperation between the speaker and the listener is
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Acts Speech, Cooperation Principle's, Cooperation Principle, Subsequently Grice's, speech acts, Literature Psychology, University Press, Accessedá December, Philosophical Review, cooperation principle, role speaker, speaker listener, Revisioná October, Oxford University, oxford university press, exists speaker, coherent text, understanding coherent, meaning conveyed, verbal conversation, university press, understanding coherent text, verbal speech acts, speaker communicating truth,
Approximate Word count = 1534
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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