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Charles Darwin

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Charles Darwin is known to us all today as the inventor of the theory of evolution. But this knowledge fails to take into account the fact that the theory of evolution and natural selection that Darwin created is different in essential ways from the one that we know today. Darwinism itself evolved on the way to becoming Social Darwinism. And while Darwin's original theories continue to influence the natural sciences, Social Darwinist theories have long influenced the human sciences, especially the American school of psychology. This paper examines the basic tenets of Social Darwinism before examining exactly how American psychologists were influenced by Social Darwinist ideas. But before we can understand the important ideas of Social Darwinism, we must take a step backward in time and in intellectual history to examine what Darwin himself said, and so this paper begins by first describing Darwin's own work before describing Social Darwinism.

Darwin began to formulate what would be the core of his theory in 1836 after he returned to England from a sea voyage to the Americas, a trip that provided him with the biological specimens and time needed to help him formulate his theory of the ways in which environmental pressures tended to select the most "fit" individuals, who therefore lived long enough to pass on their characteristics to the next generation (Mayr, 14-17, 2001). Although it is not now generally remembered, one of the most important influences on Darwin (perhaps ev

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Approximate Word count = 1185
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)

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