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World Systems Theory

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One thing that each of us should have learned from the events of the past few weeks as we have watched television coverage not only of the war in Iraq but also of life in Iraq is that the wealth of the world is distributed with dramatic unfairness. The Iraqi villagers that we have seen on television are in general far poorer than any people that an American will ever meet. Even the homeless people that some of us are familiar with are probably better off - because they can seek free medical care in county facilities, and at least some of them will be helped by shelters and charities and local governments. But the people of Iraq have far fewer safety nets than do Americans - and there are certainly nations that are far poorer than Iraq.

There is nothing unique about the situation in Iraq in terms of the distribution of income and wealth and the resulting high levels of poverty in most parts of the population. The wealthy in the world - and this is certainly true in the Pacific and Asian regions - have vastly more than their fair share of wealth. Wealthy nations exploit poorer nations, and within each country the wealthy of that nation exploiting the poor among them. This stratification of power and wealth has been carefully studied by sociologists and other scholars, who have created a number of models to explain the effects of such stratification both within a given society and on the "world system" of all societies, as Danaher and Burbach (2000) argue.

. . .
tates, which is sometimes considered to be a Pacific country and sometimes not) are in general Fourth World countries while the industrialized Asian countries such as Japan are First World countries. Wallerstein's model is based on the idea that we are all linked economically to one another. Companies (and individuals) make key decisions about how to invest capital within in a world context and on a global scale. It is no longer countries but giant multinational corporations that are the most significant new actors on the world stage - and this fact has a substantial effect on the ways in which different regions will experience economic growth and prosperity. Companies now send their manufacturing plants to the Third World (i.e. to the periphery) because labor costs are cheaper there while they keep their R&D divisions in the First World (i.e. the core) where the necessary trained workers are - and then declare their profits in whatever country has the lowest taxes. This divvying up the world across national lines by multinationals tends to keep those countries that are already poor in the periphery and those already in the core to remain wealthy, and even to grow wealthier. We can perhaps see the effects of such stratification
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1567
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)

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