EXPERT SYSTEMS

An expert system is defined as a computer software program that can do what an expert in a given field can do, and that incorporates the expertise of humans into a computer (Barker, 1990). An expanded definition of an expert system is that it is an application of the fundamental techniques of artificial intelligence in knowledge representation tasks through the use of computer systems to "help solve complex, real-world problems," and that are "strongly characterized by their use of large bodies of domain knowledge à gleaned from human experts, that have proved useful for solving typical problems in their domain" (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1987, p. 89). Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that is "concerned with designing intelligent computer systems à that exhibit the characteristics associated with intelligence in human behavior" (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1986, p. 4).

The development and use of expert systems proceeded much more slowly than the development and use of other types of software programming. Expert systems, however, are integral to computer-assisted decision-making systems (Harper, 1991). Expert syst

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n appointment with a physician. The health maintenance organizations expect that use of the expert systems will reduce costs substantially over the long-term, as well as improving services for patients. Expert systems are a part of a larger social environment (Mykytyn, 1990). The literature indicates that the common thread linking social analyses in computing is the recurrence of problematic situations. Thus, it may be assumed that most of the user concerns which should be effectively addressed in the development of expert systems, are recurring phenomena, that are manifested as problematic situations in the development of most large and complex software systems. In the developmental process for expert systems, conflicts often occur, as a result of an absence of recognition or of a failure to effectively deal with user-related problems (Yamasaki & Manoochehri, 1991). Performance failures and lack of user acceptance of expert systems often occur, as a result of design flaws caused by failures to effectively resolve conflicts arising in the developmental process. The user concerns most likely to manifest themselves as problematic situations are as follows: 1. The first is a fear that the proposed expert system will make th
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Approximate Word count = 1725
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)

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