Eating Disorders
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This research explores how eating issues and disorders are related to body satisfaction, maladaptive eating behaviors, self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction. By the late 1960s anorexia nervosa became prevalent in Western societies. Females from middle- and upper-class families were literally starving themselves to death. By the next decade bulimia nervosa had emerged; some women with this disorder starved themselves and then binged and purged to rid themselves of what they had eaten, others simply binged and purged. Prior to these focuses, obesity had been the primary eating disorder; in the 1980s obesity was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Despite the more recent focus on anorexia and bulimia there is evidence that they existed in ancient times. A clear understanding of the cause of the disorders and how to prevent and treat them is lacking (Polivy & Herman,á2002). Eating disorders are more commonly found among females, as is the majority of research on the topic. Early research provided evidence that eating disorders can be described on a continuum with differences highlighted on behavioral, cognitive-attitudinal, and self-esteem issues. The continuum is described with normal eating on one end and bulimics at the other end. The severity and degree of the eating problem determines where it is placed on the continuum (Scarano & Kalodner-Martin, 1994).
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of 412 young adults, to include 97 heterosexual males, 116 heterosexual females, 110 gay males, and 89 gay females. Findings showed that heterosexual females reported highest levels of eating disorder symptoms and concerns about body size or shape, heterosexual males reported the lowest levels, and gays fell in between and lesbians had less concern regarding physical appearance, compared to heterosexual women or gay males. Over concern with body size or shape was the strongest predictor of eating disorder symptoms.
Course of Eating Disorders
Quadflieg and Fichterá(2003) reported the course and outcome of bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Mortality rates in BN are lower than in AN. Short-term course and outcome are more understood for both disorders, however, high rates of chronicity in AN and BN have been found. Studies regarding AN course are more prevalent and there is a lack of studies regarding long-term outcomes of BN. A review of previous studies demonstrated that BN long-term outcomes include relapse and chronic problems with social and sexual impairment. However sexuality and social adjustment are found to normalize in many bulimic females over time.
Severity of symptoms predicts a less positive outcome i
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Approximate Word count = 8653
Approximate Pages = 35 (250 words per page)
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