Asian Entrepreneurs
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The notion of entrepreneurship was first introduced by Richard Cantillon and later popularized by the French economist J.B. Say in the early 1800s. The term "entrepreneur" originally referred to "merchant wholesalers who bear the risk of reselling agricultural and manufactured produce" (Moon, p. 31). Later, the term came to describe the individual who "shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and greater yield" (Moon, 31). Entrepreneurship, in recent years, as the process of globalization has expanded, has taken on new significance in that the connection of culture to entrepreneurship is now being recognized (Begley and Tan, 537). Begley and Tan (538) have suggested, for example, that entrepreneurship tends to flourish in those cultures or social systems in which innovation or what Schumpeter called "creative destruction" is highly regarded. In essence, theorists tend to connect cultural norms to levels of innovation in countries on the premise that innovation predicts economic development. This leads to the conclusion that societies placing a premium on innovation are likely to show the highest rates of entrepreneurship (Begley and Tan, 538). East Asian countries, unlike Western countries, do not show a high regard for innovation in most instances. Begley and Tan (538) speculate that threats to existing social structures are seen in East Asian cultures as antithetical to ha
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eting base of a city or region (Jessop, 2290). Jessop (2291) offers the following summary of the "entrepreneurial city":
--An entrepreneurial city pursues innovative strategies intended to maintain or enhance its economic competitiveness vis-a-vis other cities and economic spaces.
--These strategies are real and reflexive. They are not 'as if' strategies, but are more or less explicitly formulated and pursued in an active, entrepreneurial fashion.
--The promoters of entrepreneurial cities adopt an entrepreneurial discourse, narrate their cities as entrepreneurial and market them as entrepreneurial.
Entrepreneurs, therefore, generate wealth, jobs and help to make a city (or a region) a desirable locus for doing both domestic and international business. In the case of Hong Kong, for example, a dynamic local economy, a position as a gateway to China and other Asian countries and their markets, and a growth rate of 10 percent in a period of global economic slowdown all combine to create a climate in which entrepreneurship has emerged; indeed, there are those who argue that it was entrepreneurship that created these conditions in Hong Kong (Xinhua News Agency, 1).
Jessop (2290-2291) added another listing of the outcomes
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Hong Kong, East Asian, Gerda Gallop, Outcomes Entrepreneurship, Nature Entrepreneurship, Begley Tan, East Asia, Nevertheless McDonald, EU European, William McDonald, hong kong, east asian, east asia, east asian entrepreneurship, asian entrepreneurship, begley tan, et al, pistrui et, entrepreneurial firms, pistrui et al, asian countries, entrepreneurial spirit, et al 144, east asian entrepreneurs, throughout east asia,
Approximate Word count = 2833
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)
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