CASE STUDY: PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

The focus country of this case study is the People's Republic of China, also referred to in this case study simply as China. The presentation of the case study findings include both a political assessment and an economic assessment.

The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the only legal political party of any consequence in the country. Some small independent political parties exist to lend credence to a claim of democracy for the country (Douglas, 2001). Effectively, China has a one-party political system. Therefore, there is no competition among political parties in the People's Republic of China.

The Communist Party of China controls the governmental bureaucracy in the nation. In is through the governmental bureaucracy that primary interactions between the citizenry and the CPC occur (Zhou, 2001). A bureaucracy is an entity characterized by continuous official functions. Bounded by prescribed rules, the performance of these functions tends to occur in predictable and routine ways. Bureaucracy functions according to this dictum in China. While bureaucratic actions are predictable in China, the functioning of bureaucracy tends to be lethargic and inefficient, thereby causing interaction between the citizenry and Party difficult (Ruskola, 2000).

A clear division of labor exists within a bureaucracy, wherein that basis for the distribution of duties is the relative competence of th

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n China largely nullifies this characteristic of the bureaucratic model in China. According to Weber (1947), positive and effective confrontation processes require 10 actions. These actions are understanding the other person's perspective, knowing one's own perspective, determining differences in perspectives, isolating the major concern, using a positive introduction, getting to the point quickly, respecting the other person, controlling one's temper, encouraging responses by asking questions, and thanking people. The governmental bureaucracy in contemporary China does not live up to these ideals. Scalapino (1995) argued that nationalism has triumphed over internationalism in China, where the country's leaders "pay formal homage to Marxism-Leninism, but the internationalist quotient in both words and actions is dwarfed by the call for national assertiveness in support of China's interests" (p. 17). Increasingly, according to this argument, China behaves like a rising power, with minimal ideological content in its foreign policy. Within the People's Republic of China, the government must face the issue of allocation of political power. Leninist-type centralization is no longer feasible because of the political and economic

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