Creating a Thriving Ecosystem

B. As the caption indicates, this is an illustration of the process of secondary succession over a 150-year period after a cultivated field was allowed to return to natural vegetation. According to Ricardo Grau, Mitchell Aide, Jess Zimmerman, John Thomlinson, Xioming Zou, and Eileen Helmer in Bioscience (2003) secondary succession is the reconstruction of an ecosystem following a disturbance that damages or removes all or part of the previous animal and plant life but leaves the soil intact (Grau, Aide, Zimmerman, Thomlinson, Zou, Helmer, 2003, 1159).

1. An ecosystem consists of many factors. One way to classify these factors is as abiotic, or biotic factors.

The abiotic factors are those inert factors of the ecosystem, as the light, the temperature, the chemical products, the water and the atmosphere. In other words, abiotic factors are those non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce.áAbiotic factors vary in the environment and determining the typ

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