ht achieve citizen status in an oligarchy because a mechanic. He explains that even aliens may be granted citizenship in some cases. Even so, Aristotle's conceptualization of citizenship, which involves participation in the promulgation of public policy, must be confined to certain types of persons: "one who lives the life of a mechanic or labourer cannot pursue the things which belong to excellence [where excellence = participating in shaping civil society and public policy that goes along with it]" (1278a13). Women, of course, are to serve and be ruled and be silent, as is their natural lot, as (he manages not to say it directly) Everybody Knows (1260a4
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